International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences

The article examines the financial toolkit for the distribution of resources of the public-private partnership institute, which changes the sources of the investment flow according to the balanced value of their target use in order to restore and ensure the activation of investment opportunities of agro-food production entities. It has been proven that the level of activation of sources of investment flow of agro-food production entities in a certain territory, provided that the public-private partnership institute is involved in this process, is normalized at a moderate risk and is attractive for investors. A comparison of the relative index of activation of the potential of investment opportunities of agro-food production subjects under the conditions of financial support of the public-private partnership institute in Ukraine and EU countries was made. The structure of the distribution of the sources of the investment flow of the public-private partnership institute. The nominal level of profitability of sources of investment flow from international partners in the distribution system of the institute of public-private partnership for the needs of realization of investment opportunities of producers of agro-food products has been calculated. The model of synergistic adaptation of the financial determinant in the own sources of the investment flow of agro-food production entities with the help of Euler circles is proposed. The estimated value of sources of investment flow for the renewal of agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers of subjects of agro-food production of Ukraine with the support of the institute of public-private partnership was determined.

Keywords: Financial dominant, Investment opportunities, Investment capital, Investment flow, Financial support.

In the Daranggiri area of Goalpara district, Assam, a comprehensive two-year survey was conducted to assess the abundance of Drosophila species in response to the introduction of wild yeast named bakhar in local alcohol production by the Rabha and Boro communities. The study focused on six different culture media: Corn meal (A), Musa balbisiana (B), Musa assamica (C), mixed fruit (D), Jonga (E), and Jaggery (F). Environmental factors, including temperature (26°C during monsoon), relative humidity (71.23% during monsoon), rainfall (295.11 mm, monsoon), and day length (13.24 hours, June, monsoon), were recorded in the analysis. A total of 11,784 ± 10.16 Drosophila was collected and identified across the six-culture media. Musa balbisiana (Athiya colla), the indigenous banana, exhibited the highest Drosophila abundance at 3877 ± 3.98. Notably, the Musa balbisiana culture media attracted the highest number of Drosophila melanogaster, especially during the monsoon period. Female dominance in abundance was observed, particularly during the post-monsoon period. The study revealed variations in male-female breakdown between different culture media. Day time abundance exceeded night time in each season, with June recording the highest daytime abundance (1331) compared to September night time abundance (858). Diversity indices, including Dominance Index (0.333 for male & 0.346 for female, monsoon), Simpson Index (0.791 for male & 0.796 for female, post monsoon), Shannon-Weinner Diversity Index(1.669 for male & 1.674 female, post monsoon), Evenness Index (0.884 for male & 0.889 for female, post monsoon), Brillouin Index (1.655 for male & 1.664 for female, post monsoon), Mehinick’s Richness Index (pre monsoon male for 0.169 & 0.199 winter male)and Margalef’s Index (0.705 post monsoon male & 0.734 winter male) , were analyzed across different culture media and seasons. Consistent species diversity, with six taxa in each category, was observed across seasons and genders. Monsoon showed higher species diversity according to the indices. Overall, the study provides a systematic understanding of Drosophila abundance, may be influenced by the wild yeast added to the culture media, environmental factors, and seasonal variations.

Keywords: Wild yeast, Drosophila abundance, Drosophila and Culture media, Banana market, Indigenous banana.

This paper aims to measure the responsiveness of quantity supplied of fish in Egypt to changes in fish prices, aquaculture farm size, and fishmeal prices. Given the limited data availability, this paper uses time series data of three highly consumed fish species, namely Nile Perch, Nile Tilapia, and African Catfish in Egypt as a case study. The translog revenue function was developed in error correction format and used to estimate own-supply price elasticities and cross-supply price elasticities. The results showed that the own-price supply elasticities for fish in Egypt are price inelastic as expected due to biological factors associated with fish production that restrict quantity supplied to respond in proportion with fish prices increase. Interestingly, cross-price elasticities show that Nile perch and Nile Tilapia as well as Nile Perch and African Catfish are considered substitutes in production. However, African Catfish and Nile Tilapia are complements in production. Surprisingly, the aquaculture farm size was not a significant determinant of fish supply in Egypt in the short-run. Thus, the paper recommends that decision makers in Egypt need to develop a sustainable aquaculture production system that contributes significantly to fish supply not only in the short run but also in the long run.

Keywords: Fish Supply; Supply Elasticity; Error Correction Model.

This study was conducted to further establish the effects of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels in Charolais crossbred cattle from 13 to 16 months on feed intake and digestibility of nutrients. Four male Charolais crossbred cattle at 13 months old (227±36.5 kg) were bred in a 4×4 Latin square design (21 days for each period) to evaluate the effects of rations with increasing NDF levels 43, 47, 51, and 55% DM (NDF43, NDF47, NDF51, and NDF55 treatments, respectively). It was shown that crude protein intake (%DM) was unaffected by diets, but dry matter consumption was higher in NDF43 treatments (6.30 kg DM). NDF intake increased from NDF43 to NDF55 treatments. It was 2.74, 2.88, 2.86, 3.01 kg. Total metabolism energy was highest (P<0.05) on the NDF43 and lowest on the NDF55 treatments (58.7 and 44.6 MJ/cattle/day, respectively). Nutrient digestibility decreased from NDF43 to NDF55 treatments. As a result, the amount digestible of DM and OM (3.07 & 2.94 kg) was lower in NDF55 than in NDF51, NDF47 and NDF43 treatments (3.19 & 3.04, 4.12 & 3.83, and 4.21 & 3.88, respectively). An observation of daily weight gain (g/cattle/day) was not different between treatments. It was 774, 734, 730 and 679 g corresponding to NDF43, NDF47, NDF51 and NDF55 treatments. Therefore, the decrease in NDF levels from 55 to 43% in the diet improved feed consumption, digestive nutrients, and weight gain. A level of 51% NDF could be recommended for the Charolais crossbred cattle diet for 13 to 16 months.

Keywords: Forage quality, Digestion, Rumen, Ruminants, Vietnamese breeds.

A global trend towards removing antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) from animals reduces intestinal diseases and contributes to the investigation of effective production-sustaining methods in the post-AGP era. Thus, halquinol (HAL) has been used to improve gut health and efficacy. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of HAL as a substitute for AGPs in broiler chickens. A total of 240 seven-days-old SPF broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four dietary groups and each with twenty birds. The groups were: T0 (control), BD + without HAL; T1, BD + HAL @0.5g/kg feed; T2, BD + HAL @0.75g/kg feed; and T3, BD + HAL @1g/kg feed. On day 35, the broiler chickens fed HAL @1g/kg feed had higher body weight, growth and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) than the other groups. There was no significant variation in blood profile, however, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in lipid profile parameters among the treatment groups. Furthermore, in a cost-benefit analysis, broiler chickens fed HAL @1g/kg feed had a significantly (P<0.05) higher net profit than other dietary treatment groups. Based on the findings of this study, it may be recommended to use HAL supplementation of up to 1g/kg feed as a commercial growth booster for broiler production.

Keywords: Broiler, Blood-lipid profile, Carcass characteristics, Growth performances and Halquinol (HAL).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of natural organic fertilizers (Azolla caroliniana and compost) and mineral fertilizers (NPK 15-15-15) on growth and production parameters of cabbage, variety Fortune F1. The experiment was conducted at the University of Daloa, on a 210m2 plot in a three-block Fisher design with four treatments (Control, NPK, aqueous extract of Azolla and compost). Growth and production parameters were measured every 10 days after transplanting and analyzed using STATISTICA7.1 software. Results showed improved cabbage growth, with good evolution of leaf area, number of leaves, span, height and collar diameter of seedlings transplanted with Azolla caroliniana aqueous extract. Yield (14.7t/ha) and cabbage head diameter (44.13+5.86cm) were obtained with NPK, while Azolla caroliniana liquid indicated (17.33t/ha) and (46.69+8.68cm), respectively, compared with the other treatments (control and compost). In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Azolla was found to be the best performer for improving cabbage productivity in the study area. It can be recommended as a natural organic fertilizer.

Keywords: Biofertilizers, Cabbage, NPK fertilizer, Production, Côte d’Ivoire.

Historical and cultural documents housed in museums and libraries under inappropriate conditions are vulnerable to fungal contamination. Among the fungi posing a threat to these valuable collections, micromycetes can be noted. Molecular methods offer a means to identify these fungal contaminants, thus protecting these deposits. Antifungal disinfectants can avoid fungal growth on such a paper substrate. The aim of the present study was to detect micromycete fungal contamination in paper samples and the air within library book depositories. The findings led to the identification of 24 micromycetes using biochemical tests. Sterile 50×50 mm filter papers were inoculated with fungal spores, whereupon the fungi used the paper as the only source of carbon and energy. Micromycete growth activity on paper was determined using silica gel saturated with water. The quantification of living cells present on the paper surface was determined using intracellular ATP levels. In addition, the antifungal activity of Sanatex Universal and Rocima was measured as a solution for the problem of fungal paper deterioration. The antifungal activity of these two biocides was determined using the disk diffusion method. A total of 24 micromycetes strains indicating cellulase activity were selected. The results showed that micromycetes grew on paper, utilizing it as the only source of carbon and energy. Ten most active micromycetes were selected based on the fungal activity growth, fouling area, cellulase activity, and the amount of ATP formed during growth. These micromycetes could be used as paper and cardboard fungal resistance standard test cultures. This study revealed the two fungicidal compounds of Sanatex Universal and Rocima may be used to treat cultural heritage sites affected by cellulose-destroying fungi. A comparative analysis of 24 standardized reference strains of micromycetes revealed their ability to develop on paper and utilize it as their sole carbon and energy source.

Keywords: Bio-damage, Cellulose, Cellulase activity, Fungicides, Micromycetes.

This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from canine otitis externa in Baghdad, Iraq. Twelve ear swabs were collected from symptomatic dogs between October 2021 and February 2022. Identification of P. aeruginosa isolates was confirmed by a combination of phenotypic (morphology, Gram stain, biochemical tests) and genotypic (Vitek2 and PCR) methods. All isolates exhibited complete resistance to Erythromycin, Trimethoprim, and Chloramphenicol, and high resistance to Nalidixic acid (91.6%). Conversely, susceptibility was observed against Imipenem and Penicillin G (100%), Polymyxin B and Ceftazidime (91.6%), Streptomycin (58.3%), and Ceftriaxone (58.3%). Additionally, all isolates demonstrated the ability to produce hemolysin and phospholipase C, indicating potential virulence properties. The aforementioned results underscore the frequency of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in cases of canine otitis externa and stress the significance of testing for antibiotic susceptibility in order to make well-informed treatment decisions.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Dog, Otitis, PCR.

In the context of current abrupt climate change scenarios, the yield under both stressful and normal conditions stands as a key indicator for identifying genotypes resilient to stress. Various studies have proposed different yield indices to discern genotypes tolerant to stress. To ascertain desirable genotypes across regions prone to heat stress, 23 cotton genotypes were assessed for their response to normal and heat stress conditions. Nine stress tolerance indices were employed to evaluate seed cotton yield under both conditions, aiming to identify the most effective overall index. Analysis, including correlation and principal component analysis, indicated that mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield index (YI) exhibited positive associations with seed cotton yield under both conditions. These indices identified five genotypes as the most heat-tolerant and three as the most heat-sensitive. Hierarchical clustering and ranking based on stress indices highlighted genotypes G15 and G7 as the most heat-tolerant, given their superior mean rank and relatively low standard deviation of rank. Additionally, the strong correlation of GMP with physiological traits such as STI, YI, and AR further validated the ranking based on yield indices.

Keywords: Cotton, Abiotic stress tolerance, Multivariate Analysis.